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Temporal anti-aliasing
Temporal anti-aliasing (TAA) seeks to reduce or remove the effects of temporal aliasing. Temporal aliasing is caused by the sampling rate (i.e. number of frames per second) of a scene being too low compared to the transformation speed of objects inside of the scene; this causes objects to appear to jump or appear at a location instead of giving the impression of smoothly moving towards them. To avoid aliasing artifacts altogether, the sampling rate of a scene must be at least twice as high as the fastest moving object.〔Grant, C. (1985). ("Integrated analytic spatial and temporal anti-aliasing for polyhedra in 4-space" ). ''SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics'', 19(3):79-84〕 The shutter behavior of the sampling system (typically a camera) strongly influences aliasing, as the overall shape of the exposure over time determines the band-limiting of the system before sampling, an important factor in aliasing. A temporal anti-aliasing filter can be applied to a camera to achieve better band-limiting.〔Tessive, LLC (2010). ("Time Filter Technical Explanation " )〕 A common example of temporal aliasing in film is the appearance of vehicle wheels travelling backwards, the so-called wagon-wheel effect. Temporal anti-aliasing can also help to reduce jaggies, making images appear softer.〔NVIDIA ("Temporal Anti-Aliasing Technology (TXAA)" ).〕
==In cel animation==
In cel animation, animators can either add motion lines or create an object trail to give the impression of movement. To solve the wagon-wheel effect without changing the sampling rate or wheel speed, animators could add a broken or discolored spoke to force viewer's visual system to make the correct connections between frames.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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